Algal Oil
Vegetarian source of DHA and sometimes EPA.
Foods & Bioactives
blood thinners | bleeding risk | surgery
Fish Oils & Omegas - Evidence: established use
Back to SafetyDo not make sudden supplement or vitamin K changes around anticoagulant therapy without clinician or pharmacist guidance.
Safety Filter
Blood Thinners / Bleeding Risk
Items that may matter around anticoagulants, antiplatelets, bleeding risk, or surgery.
Alpha-tocopherol
Only vitamin E form recognized by NIH ODS as meeting human vitamin E requirements.
Form & Bioavailability
High-dose supplemental alpha-tocopherol can increase bleeding risk
Vitamin E - Nuts and seeds, Vegetable oils, Fortified foods, Supplements
American Ginseng
Root used traditionally for fatigue and stress-support contexts; chemistry differs from Asian ginseng.
Foods & Bioactives
diabetes medications | blood thinners | pregnancy/breastfeeding
Herbs & Botanicals - Evidence: emerging
Anxiety
Anxiety references connect nutrients, botanicals, sleep context, and complementary-health topics that may affect anxious feelings or anxiety-related self-care discussions. This page is not an anxiety-disorder treatment guide.
Concern Tag
Chamomile has preliminary anxiety research and traditional relaxation use, but evidence is not conclusive and allergy, pregnancy, sedative, and anticoagulant contexts matter. | Passionflower has limited anxiety research and traditional relaxation use; sedation and pregnancy cautions should be reviewed before concentrated products. | Valerian is used for sleep and relaxation, but NCCIH says evidence is insufficient for anxiety and sedation cautions matter. | Caffeine can worsen anxiety, panic, sleep disruption, or heart-racing symptoms in sensitive people or at higher intakes. | Ashwagandha has stress/anxiety study context, but thyroid, pregnancy, autoimmune, liver, sedative, and medication cautions are important.
10 linked items - Persistent anxiety, panic attacks, trauma symptoms, severe insomnia, substance use, medication changes, pregnancy, or thoughts of self-harm need qualified care. Seek urgent or emergency help for thoughts of self-harm, feeling unsafe, severe panic with chest pain or fainting, psychosis, mania, or major behavior changes. Supplements can interact with medicines and should not replace therapy, medication, or urgent mental-health support.
Anxiety and Complementary Health Approaches
Anxiety complementary health framing, Chamomile anxiety evidence limitations, Kava liver warning, Lavender evidence limitations, Melatonin pre-surgery anxiety context, Valerian evidence limitations
SourceTraditional / Safety Reference
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health - Acquired 2026-08-03 - Traditional / Safety Reference
Anxiety and Complementary Health Approaches: What the Science Says
Kava anxiety evidence and liver warning, Lavender anxiety evidence limitations, Melatonin pre-surgery anxiety context, Botanical anxiety evidence framing
SourceTraditional / Safety Reference
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health - Acquired 2026-08-03 - Traditional / Safety Reference
Asian Ginseng
Root containing ginsenosides, studied for fatigue, cognitive-performance, and cardiometabolic marker contexts.
Foods & Bioactives
pregnancy/breastfeeding | autoimmune disease | diabetes medications | blood pressure medications | insomnia
Herbs & Botanicals - Evidence: emerging
Blood Pressure
Blood pressure references connect food-pattern context, stimulant and licorice cautions, omega-3 and garlic evidence limits, and emergency warning signs. This page is not a hypertension treatment plan.
Concern Tag
Fish-oil omega-3s may have small blood-pressure effects in studies, but dose, bleeding risk, medication use, and product quality matter. | Garlic preparations may modestly lower blood pressure in some hypertension studies, but evidence quality and bleeding-risk interactions matter. | Caffeine can raise blood pressure or trigger palpitations in some people, depending on dose, tolerance, timing, and health status. | Glycyrrhizin-containing licorice can raise blood pressure, lower potassium, and contribute to heart rhythm or kidney concerns. | Green tea extract is studied in cardiometabolic contexts, but concentrated extracts can carry liver-safety and caffeine-related cautions.
6 linked items - High blood pressure should be monitored and managed with qualified care. Supplements should not replace prescribed medication, and several products can affect blood pressure, potassium, bleeding risk, or medication response.
Blood Sugar
Blood sugar references connect nutrients, fiber, food-pattern targets, and bioactives studied for glucose, insulin, or cardiometabolic marker contexts.
Concern Tag
Berberine has meta-analysis evidence for glucose and lipid markers, but it carries important medication, pregnancy, breastfeeding, antibiotic, transplant, and infant cautions. | Cinnamon is studied for glucose and lipid marker contexts, but species, coumarin content, liver disease, anticoagulants, and diabetes medications matter. | Added sugars can crowd out nutrient-rich foods and are limited in dietary guidance.
7 linked items - Diabetes, prediabetes, hypoglycemia, pregnancy, kidney disease, and glucose-lowering medications require clinician guidance. Supplements can alter medication effects and lab markers.
Bone & Joint Health
Bone and joint references connect minerals, fat-soluble vitamins, structural proteins, and cartilage-related compounds.
Concern Tag
Glucosamine is widely used for cartilage and joint contexts, but product form, allergy, medication, and evidence-quality issues need clearer claim-level review.
6 linked items - Bone density loss, fractures, kidney stones, kidney disease, anticoagulant use, and chronic joint pain require individualized medical guidance.
Chamomile
Flower tea used traditionally for sleep, relaxation, and digestive comfort.
Foods & Bioactives
ragweed allergy | sedatives | blood thinners | pregnancy/breastfeeding
Herbs & Botanicals - Evidence: traditional use
Chlorella
Green algae providing chlorophyll, protein, carotenoids, and fiber-like cell wall components.
Foods & Bioactives
warfarin | allergy | pregnancy/breastfeeding | GI effects
Greens & Superfoods - Evidence: emerging
Chlorella
Chlorella breastfeeding context, Chlorella allergy, Warfarin and vitamin K caution, GI side effects
SourceAcademic Review
LactMed / NCBI Bookshelf - Acquired 2026-07-26 - Academic Review
Cholesterol & Lipids
Cholesterol and lipid references connect soluble fiber, beta-glucans, omega-3, garlic, food-pattern guidance, and red yeast rice cautions.
Concern Tag
EPA/DHA omega-3 products affect triglyceride and cardiovascular-marker discussions, but dose and bleeding-risk context matter. | Garlic supplements may modestly affect cholesterol in some studies, but effects are small compared with lipid-lowering medicines and bleeding risk matters. | Whole flaxseed and flaxseed lignans have more cholesterol discussion than flaxseed oil; product type matters. | Green tea and green tea extract are discussed for cholesterol, but concentrated extracts need liver-safety and caffeine context.
6 linked items - High cholesterol can require medication and cardiovascular-risk management. Supplements should not replace prescribed lipid-lowering therapy or delay risk evaluation.
Chondroitin
Sulfated glycosaminoglycan that contributes to cartilage structure and water retention.
Foods & Bioactives
Bone, Joint & Cartilage - Evidence: promising
Cinnamon
Culinary bark spice studied for glucose and lipid marker contexts; species and coumarin content matter.
Foods & Bioactives
liver disease | blood thinners | diabetes medications
Herbs & Botanicals - Evidence: emerging
Clove
Spice containing eugenol, used traditionally for oral comfort and culinary flavor.
Foods & Bioactives
blood thinners | bleeding risk | concentrated essential oils
Herbs & Botanicals - Evidence: traditional use
Dong Quai
Root used in traditional formulas for menstrual and women’s-health contexts.
Foods & Bioactives
pregnancy/breastfeeding | blood thinners | hormone-sensitive conditions | surgery
Herbs & Botanicals - Evidence: traditional use
Garlic
Allium food containing organosulfur compounds studied for cardiovascular and immune-related markers.
Foods & Bioactives
blood thinners | bleeding risk | surgery | reflux | pregnancy/breastfeeding
Herbs & Botanicals - Evidence: promising
Garlic: Usefulness and Safety
Garlic supplements, Cholesterol and blood pressure evidence, Bleeding risk, Pregnancy and breastfeeding caution
SourceTraditional / Safety Reference
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health - Acquired 2026-07-26 - Traditional / Safety Reference
Ginger
Culinary rhizome containing gingerols and shogaols, studied for nausea and digestive comfort contexts.
Foods & Bioactives
blood thinners | bleeding risk | surgery | pregnancy/breastfeeding | gallbladder disease
Herbs & Botanicals - Evidence: promising
Glucosamine
Amino sugar used in glycosaminoglycan synthesis in cartilage and connective tissue.
Foods & Bioactives
Bone, Joint & Cartilage - Evidence: promising
Goji Berry
Carotenoid-rich berry used as a food and traditional tonic ingredient.
Foods & Bioactives
blood thinners | diabetes medications | blood pressure medications
Herbs & Botanicals - Evidence: traditional use
Heart Health
Heart-health references connect nutrients, food-pattern targets, and bioactives related to blood pressure, blood lipids, vascular function, and cardiometabolic marker contexts.
Concern Tag
Berberine has meta-analysis evidence for glucose and lipid markers, but has important medication, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and infant cautions. | Glycyrrhizin-containing licorice can raise blood pressure, lower potassium, and create heart rhythm concerns.
6 linked items - Heart disease, high blood pressure, arrhythmia, anticoagulants, statins, and diabetes medications require clinician guidance before supplement changes.
Holy Basil / Tulsi
Adaptogenic aromatic herb used in Ayurveda for stress and metabolic wellness contexts.
Foods & Bioactives
pregnancy/breastfeeding | diabetes medications | blood thinners | fertility treatment
Herbs & Botanicals - Evidence: emerging
Krill Oil
Provides EPA and DHA mainly in phospholipid form, plus astaxanthin pigments.
Foods & Bioactives
blood thinners | bleeding risk | surgery | shellfish allergy
Fish Oils & Omegas - Evidence: promising
Melatonin
Hormone involved in circadian timing and darkness signaling; supplemental melatonin is studied for jet lag, delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, and selected sleep contexts.
Foods & Bioactives
children | pregnancy/breastfeeding | epilepsy | blood thinners | dementia
Additional Bioactives - Evidence: promising
Omega-3 Fish Oil
Provides EPA and DHA, long-chain omega-3 fats used in cell membranes and lipid signaling.
Foods & Bioactives
blood thinners | bleeding risk | surgery | fish allergy
Fish Oils & Omegas - Evidence: established use
Oregano
Culinary herb rich in aromatic phenols; oil products are much more concentrated than food uses.
Foods & Bioactives
pregnancy/breastfeeding | blood thinners | concentrated essential oils
Herbs & Botanicals - Evidence: traditional use
PCOS
PCOS references connect insulin-resistance marker context, inositol, omega-3, chromium, vitamin D, magnesium, and supplement safety limitations.
Concern Tag
Omega-3 supplements are studied in PCOS marker contexts, including insulin-resistance and lipid markers, but high-dose use needs bleeding-risk review. | Chromium is studied in glucose and PCOS marker contexts, but evidence is not a reason for unsupervised high-dose use. | Vitamin D status is often discussed in PCOS, but supplementation should follow ordinary DRI/UL, testing, and safety context. | Berberine has glucose and lipid marker evidence but carries medication, pregnancy, breastfeeding, antibiotic, infant, and transplant cautions. | Cinnamon is studied for glucose markers and PCOS-related metabolic contexts, but species, coumarin, liver disease, anticoagulants, and diabetes medicines matter.
6 linked items - PCOS can involve menstrual irregularity, fertility concerns, metabolic risk, acne/hair growth changes, and mental-health burden. Supplements should not replace diagnosis, cycle evaluation, fertility care, or diabetes/cardiovascular-risk screening.
Sleep
Sleep-related references connect nutrients and botanicals involved in relaxation, stimulant cautions, and sleep/stress study contexts.
Concern Tag
Valerian is used for sleep and relaxation, but can cause sedation and should be reviewed around alcohol, sedatives, driving, pregnancy, and surgery. | Chamomile tea is commonly used for relaxation, but concentrated products need caution with allergy, sedatives, anticoagulants, and pregnancy contexts. | Caffeine can disrupt sleep depending on dose, timing, sensitivity, and total daily intake. | Melatonin can help selected circadian-timing problems such as jet lag or delayed sleep-wake phase disorder, but it is not a general chronic-insomnia cure.
7 linked items - Sleep problems can reflect sleep apnea, stress, medication timing, caffeine, alcohol, pain, mood disorders, or medical conditions. Sedating supplements can interact with alcohol, driving, surgery, and medications.
Turmeric & Curcumin
Curcuminoid polyphenols influence inflammatory and antioxidant signaling pathways.
Foods & BioactivesHigh caution
blood thinners | bleeding risk | surgery | gallbladder disease | pregnancy/breastfeeding
Antioxidants & Phytonutrients - Evidence: promising
Valerian
Root used traditionally and studied for sleep and relaxation contexts.
Foods & Bioactives
sedatives | alcohol | driving | surgery | pregnancy/breastfeeding
Herbs & Botanicals - Evidence: emerging
Vitamin E symptoms
Deficiency: Peripheral neuropathy, Muscle weakness, Loss of coordination. Too much: Increased bleeding tendency, Easy bruising, Higher concern with blood thinners.
SymptomsDeficiency signsToo much / toxicity signsUrgent-care warningClinical caution
Increased bleeding tendency | Easy bruising | Higher concern with blood thinners | Possible hemorrhagic stroke risk at high supplemental intakes | Seek medical care promptly for unusual bleeding, black stools, severe bruising, or bleeding while using anticoagulant medication.
vitamin - Supplemental vitamin E needs caution with blood thinners or bleeding-risk conditions.
Vitamin K
Supports normal blood clotting Participates in bone-related protein function
Vitamins & Minerals
No UL has been established, but this does not mean unlimited supplemental intake is proven safe.
vitamin - AI 120 µg/day
Vitamin K symptoms
Deficiency: Easy bruising, Bleeding gums or nosebleeds, Excessive bleeding from wounds. Too much: No common food-based toxicity pattern is established, Supplemental forms can interfere with anticoagulant management.
SymptomsDeficiency signsToo much / toxicity signsUrgent-care warningClinical caution
No common food-based toxicity pattern is established | Supplemental forms can interfere with anticoagulant management | Seek care for unexplained or heavy bleeding, especially in newborns or people using anticoagulant medication.
vitamin - Vitamin K intake should be kept consistent when using warfarin or other anticoagulant plans.
Vitamin K1
Primary dietary form from green plants. EFSA sets vitamin K AIs for phylloquinone and notes vitamin K’s role in blood coagulation and bone mineralisation.
Form & Bioavailability
Warfarin users generally need consistent vitamin K intake rather than sudden large changes
Vitamin K - Kale, Spinach, Collards, Lettuce, Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, Other leafy greens
Vitamin K2
Family of menaquinone forms. EFSA considers vitamin K to include phylloquinone and menaquinones, but notes evidence was insufficient to set separate AIs for menaquinones.
Form & Bioavailability
Warfarin and other vitamin K antagonist contexts require clinician/pharmacist guidance
Vitamin K - Natto, Some fermented foods, Some cheeses, Animal foods in smaller or variable amounts, Gut microbial production
White Peony Root
Root used in traditional formulas, often in menstrual, liver, and muscle-cramp contexts.
Foods & Bioactives
pregnancy/breastfeeding | blood thinners
Herbs & Botanicals - Evidence: traditional use